Tag Index

• Carl Sagan Fest 1
• Dawkins 1
• LGBTQ 1
• addiction 1
• aesthetics 1
• afterlife 1
• altruism 2
• anarchy 1
• animals 2
• apathy 1
• aristotle 1
• art 2
• artificial intelligence 1
• artists 1
• atheism 3
• augmented reality 1
• automation 1
• beauty 1
• beliefs 1
• belonging 1
• bias 1
• book club 4
• business 1
• capitalism 1
• children 2
• christianity 1
• christmas 1
• communication 1
• community 1
• consciousness 1
• culture 4
• darwin 1
• death 2
• decisions 1
• definitions 1
• democracy 2
• demographics 1
• desires 1
• despair 1
• determinism 2
• dialogue 1
• doubt 1
• drugs 1
• dystopia 1
• earth day 1
• economy 1
• education 3
• elections 1
• epistemology 3
• ethics 9
• euthanasia 1
• evidence 2
• evil 1
• evolution 1
• existence 1
• extinction 1
• facts 1
• faith 3
• feedback 5
• feminism 1
• fiction 1
• fishbowl 5
• free speech 2
• free will 2
• freedom 1
• fundamentalism 4
• future 1
• god 1
• good 3
• government 1
• happiness 1
• history 1
• holidays 1
• humanisim 2
• humanism 6
• humanities 1
• humans 1
• identity 3
• immigration 1
• incarceration 1
• indoctrination 1
• inequality 4
• interfaith 1
• justice 3
• knowledge 1
• laws 1
• life 2
• literacy 1
• masculinity 1
• math 1
• meaning 4
• meditation 1
• meeting topics 1
• mental health 1
• mindfulness 1
• morality 13
• naturalism 1
• news 1
• numbers 1
• objectivity 1
• obligations 1
• overpopulation 1
• parenting 1
• perception 1
• pittsburgh 1
• poetry 1
• politics 6
• population 1
• porn 1
• prejudice 1
• privacy 1
• privilege 1
• pseudoscience 1
• psychology 1
• purpose 1
• race 2
• racism 2
• rationality 2
• reason 3
• reflection 2
• relativity 1
• religion 11
• rights 2
• sagan 1
• sagan fest 5
• science 11
• sex 2
• sexual harassment 1
• sexuality 1
• skepticism 1
• social media 1
• society 16
• speech 1
• spirituality 1
• stories 1
• suffering 2
• suicide 4
• surveillance 1
• technology 1
• transhumanism 1
• truth 2
• universal basic income 1
• utilitarianism 1
• utopia 1
• values 1
• violence 2
• voting 1
• welfare 1
• west 1
• women 2
• work 1
• worldview 2

Carl Sagan Fest

• Dawkins Post-Event Discussion! • November 13, 2017 • Discussion Topic

Dawkins

• Dawkins Post-Event Discussion! • November 13, 2017 • Discussion Topic

LGBTQ

• Humanist League / ALLIES joint meeting"" • April 15, 2014 • Discussion Topic

addiction

• Addiction • February 05, 2018 • Discussion Topic

aesthetics

• The Ethics of the Art Market • March 05, 2018 • Discussion Topic

afterlife

• Afterlife Hypotheticals • April 14, 2015 • Discussion Topic

altruism

• Altruistic Obligation • April 02, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Effective Altruism • October 09, 2017 • Discussion Topic

anarchy

• Social Anarchism • January 29, 2018 • Discussion Topic

animals

• Anthropocentrism and Speciesism • January 27, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Humanists eat... • February 25, 2014 • Discussion Topic

apathy

• How do we combat apathy? • October 06, 2015 • Discussion Topic

aristotle

• Aristotle and Sex • March 25, 2014 • Discussion Topic

art

• The Ethics of the Art Market • March 05, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• What is Art? • March 28, 2016 • Discussion Topic

artificial intelligence

• Artificial Intelligence • October 28, 2014 • Discussion Topic

artists

• The Ethics of the Art Market • March 05, 2018 • Discussion Topic

atheism

• Do Atheists Live "A Better Life"? • February 01, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Film Screening! – A Better Life with director Chris Johnson • January 26, 2016 • Speaker Event
• Humanism • April 21, 2015 • Discussion Topic

augmented reality

• Augmented Reality - with Pugwash • March 18, 2014 • Discussion Topic

automation

• Universal Basic Income • November 20, 2017 • Discussion Topic

beauty

• Autumn Whitefield-Madrano – I Am Beautiful • March 22, 2018 • Speaker Event

beliefs

• Responsible Belief • September 29, 2016 • Discussion Topic

belonging

• How should we belong? • September 10, 2013 • Discussion Topic

bias

• How to combat implicit bias • February 06, 2017 • Discussion Topic

book club

• Winter Book Club: The Dispossessed by Ursula Le Guin! • January 17, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Book Club: Ancillary Justice by Ann Leckie • August 29, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Two Part Meeting Tomorrow • September 01, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Book Club: Catch 22 • January 19, 2016 • Discussion Topic

business

• Business as a Social Service • October 06, 2016 • Discussion Topic

capitalism

• Is wealth immoral? • April 17, 2017 • Discussion Topic

children

• Goals of Parenting • February 12, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Should YOU have kids? • March 27, 2017 • Discussion Topic

christianity

• Intro to Christian Humanism • October 14, 2014 • Discussion Topic

christmas

• What is the meaning of Christmas? • November 25, 2014 • Discussion Topic

communication

• Make America Think Again: Communication Training for a Propaganda Era • October 04, 2017 • Speaker Event

community

• Humanism • April 21, 2015 • Discussion Topic

consciousness

• Are humans morally different from animals? • September 25, 2017 • Discussion Topic

culture

• This Week: Humanism in Pop Culture • January 25, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Western Centrism • November 10, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• What is the meaning of Christmas? • November 25, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Cultural Appropration • November 04, 2014 • Discussion Topic

darwin

• Darwin Day, featuring Chip Walter • February 12, 2015 • Speaker Event

death

• Death • September 22, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Afterlife Hypotheticals • April 14, 2015 • Discussion Topic

decisions

• Self Determination • December 01, 2016 • Discussion Topic

definitions

• How should we define religion? • October 02, 2017 • Discussion Topic

democracy

• Ari Berman – Give Us The Ballot! • March 03, 2017 • Speaker Event
• Is democracy the best? • November 10, 2016 • Discussion Topic

demographics

• Rise of the "Nones" • October 20, 2016 • Discussion Topic

desires

• What should you want? • April 10, 2017 • Discussion Topic

despair

• Despair • April 04, 2016 • Discussion Topic

determinism

• Free Will • March 20, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Self Determination • December 01, 2016 • Discussion Topic

dialogue

• Constructive Political Discourse • February 27, 2017 • Discussion Topic

doubt

• Jennifer Michael Hecht – Poetic Humanism • February 29, 2016 • Speaker Event

drugs

• Psychoactive Drugs • April 23, 2018 • Discussion Topic

dystopia

• What would your Utopia look like? • September 11, 2017 • Discussion Topic

earth day

• Earth Day! Featuring Prof. Neil Donahue • April 23, 2015 • Speaker Event

economy

• Economic Inequality • November 18, 2014 • Discussion Topic

education

• The Future of Education • March 26, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• What is the Purpose of Education? • February 13, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Should kids be taught religion? • September 24, 2013 • Discussion Topic

elections

• Feedback Meeting + Elections! • December 08, 2015 • Discussion Topic

epistemology

• Truth vs. Falsehood • February 19, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• What should you want? • April 10, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Epistemology • October 13, 2015 • Discussion Topic

ethics

• The Ethics of the Art Market • March 05, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Ethics of social media • October 30, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Immigration Ethics + Policy • April 18, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Incarceration Ethics • April 11, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Ethics of Indoctrination • February 22, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Dark Science: Ethics in Science • November 03, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Why be good to other people? • September 15, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Daniel Fincke – Empowerment Ethics • November 17, 2014 • Speaker Event
• Sex Positivity and Religious Ethics • February 11, 2014 • Discussion Topic

euthanasia

• Euthanasia • February 24, 2015 • Discussion Topic

evidence

• Evidence Based Morality • October 20, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Julia Galef – How to Change Your Mind • October 07, 2013 • Speaker Event

evil

• Interfaith Dialogue – Good and Evil • March 31, 2016 • Speaker Event

evolution

• Why be good to other people? • September 15, 2015 • Discussion Topic

existence

• Human Extinction • February 26, 2018 • Discussion Topic

extinction

• Human Extinction • February 26, 2018 • Discussion Topic

facts

• Hemant Mehta – Even Skeptics Can Be Fooled • October 07, 2014 • Speaker Event

faith

• State of the University • November 17, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Faith in a Scientific Worldview • March 24, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Is Faith in God Reasonable? • November 19, 2013 • Discussion Topic

feedback

• Reflection & Feedback • April 30, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Reflection & Feedback • December 04, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Feedback Meeting • December 08, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Final Meeting! Feedback + Snacks • April 25, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Feedback Meeting + Elections! • December 08, 2015 • Discussion Topic

feminism

• The #MeToo Movement • April 16, 2018 • Discussion Topic

fiction

• Jonathan Gottschall – The Science of Fiction • April 01, 2014 • Speaker Event

fishbowl

• Fishbowl • September 04, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Fishbowl this week! • November 23, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• First Meeting Tomorrow! • September 08, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• End-of-Year Fishbowl Meeting! • April 28, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Fishbowl Meeting • March 03, 2015 • Discussion Topic

free speech

• Is free speech overrated? • October 27, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• How free should speech be? • September 16, 2014 • Discussion Topic

free will

• Free Will • March 20, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Free Will • January 28, 2014 • Discussion Topic

freedom

• Freedom of Speech • January 20, 2015 • Discussion Topic

fundamentalism

• Hiba Krisht – Veils, Virginity, and (In)visibility • October 05, 2016 • Speaker Event
• Fundamentalism Part 2: Practical Concerns • February 15, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Violent fundamentalism • February 08, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• What is it about fundamentalism and violence? • October 29, 2013 • Discussion Topic

future

• The Future of Education • March 26, 2018 • Discussion Topic

god

• Film Screening! – A Better Life with director Chris Johnson • January 26, 2016 • Speaker Event

good

• Effective Altruism • October 09, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Interfaith Dialogue – Good and Evil • March 31, 2016 • Speaker Event
• Why be good to other people? • September 15, 2015 • Discussion Topic

government

• Should happiness be the goal of government? • September 15, 2016 • Discussion Topic

happiness

• Should happiness be the goal of government? • September 15, 2016 • Discussion Topic

history

• Alice Dreger – Galileo's Middle Finger • October 21, 2015 • Speaker Event

holidays

• Humanist Holidays?!?!?! • December 03, 2013 • Discussion Topic

humanisim

• The long reach of Reason • April 22, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Humanist Holidays?!?!?! • December 03, 2013 • Discussion Topic

humanism

• Bart Campolo – Human Love and Meaning Making • February 06, 2018 • Speaker Event
• Jennifer Michael Hecht – Poetic Humanism • February 29, 2016 • Speaker Event
• This Week: Humanism in Pop Culture • January 25, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Humanism • April 21, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Intro to Christian Humanism • October 14, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• What is Humanism? • September 02, 2014 • Discussion Topic

humanities

• Sciences and Humanities • April 07, 2015 • Discussion Topic

humans

• Anthropocentrism and Speciesism • January 27, 2015 • Discussion Topic

identity

• Identity Politics • April 24, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Philosophical Identity • January 23, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Rise of the "Nones" • October 20, 2016 • Discussion Topic

immigration

• Immigration Ethics + Policy • April 18, 2016 • Discussion Topic

incarceration

• Incarceration Ethics • April 11, 2016 • Discussion Topic

indoctrination

• Ethics of Indoctrination • February 22, 2016 • Discussion Topic

inequality

• Is wealth immoral? • April 17, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Social Justice • March 06, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Privilege • February 10, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Economic Inequality • November 18, 2014 • Discussion Topic

interfaith

• Interfaith Dialogue – Good and Evil • March 31, 2016 • Speaker Event

justice

• Social Justice • March 06, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Criminal Punishment • October 13, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Race and Criminal Justice • March 17, 2015 • Discussion Topic

knowledge

• Epistemology • October 13, 2015 • Discussion Topic

laws

• What is the purpose of laws? • January 22, 2018 • Discussion Topic

life

• How do we combat apathy? • October 06, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• What is life? • March 04, 2014 • Discussion Topic

literacy

• Barrier to Science • February 18, 2014 • Discussion Topic

masculinity

• Toxic Masculinity • April 10, 2018 • Discussion Topic

math

• Is mathematics (hu)manmade? • March 31, 2015 • Discussion Topic

meaning

• Bart Campolo – Human Love and Meaning Making • February 06, 2018 • Speaker Event
• Film Screening! – A Better Life with director Chris Johnson • January 26, 2016 • Speaker Event
• The Value/Meaning of Work • December 01, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• The meaning in life • September 30, 2014 • Discussion Topic

meditation

• Mindfulness and Meditation • October 27, 2015 • Discussion Topic

meeting topics

• Two Part Meeting Tomorrow • September 01, 2016 • Discussion Topic

mental health

• Mental health • September 23, 2014 • Discussion Topic

mindfulness

• Mindfulness and Meditation • October 27, 2015 • Discussion Topic

morality

• The Morality of Porn • March 19, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Utilitarianism • November 27, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Ethics of social media • October 30, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Are humans morally different from animals? • September 25, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Is wealth immoral? • April 17, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• What should you want? • April 10, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Is morality objective? • April 03, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• What beings are morally significant? • January 30, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• What do we owe future generations? • September 08, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Alice Dreger – Galileo's Middle Finger • October 21, 2015 • Speaker Event
• Evidence Based Morality • October 20, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Science and Morality • September 09, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Greta Christina – Sex Positivism • February 10, 2014 • Speaker Event

naturalism

• Religious Naturalism • September 18, 2017 • Discussion Topic

news

• Lee McIntyre – Post-Truth • October 04, 2017 • Speaker Event

numbers

• Is mathematics (hu)manmade? • March 31, 2015 • Discussion Topic

objectivity

• Is morality objective? • April 03, 2017 • Discussion Topic

obligations

• Altruistic Obligation • April 02, 2018 • Discussion Topic

overpopulation

• Should YOU have kids? • March 27, 2017 • Discussion Topic

parenting

• Goals of Parenting • February 12, 2018 • Discussion Topic

perception

• Psychoactive Drugs • April 23, 2018 • Discussion Topic

pittsburgh

• Special Guest: Damon Young! • March 21, 2016 • Discussion Topic

poetry

• Jennifer Michael Hecht – Poetic Humanism • February 29, 2016 • Speaker Event

politics

• Make America Think Again: Communication Training for a Propaganda Era • October 04, 2017 • Speaker Event
• Identity Politics • April 24, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Ari Berman – Give Us The Ballot! • March 03, 2017 • Speaker Event
• Constructive Political Discourse • February 27, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Is democracy the best? • November 10, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• The Roots of Political Ideology • September 03, 2013 • Discussion Topic

population

• What do we owe future generations? • September 08, 2016 • Discussion Topic

porn

• The Morality of Porn • March 19, 2018 • Discussion Topic

prejudice

• How to combat implicit bias • February 06, 2017 • Discussion Topic

privacy

• Privacy and Surveillance • March 14, 2016 • Discussion Topic

privilege

• Privilege • February 10, 2015 • Discussion Topic

pseudoscience

• Science vs. Pseudoscience • November 17, 2015 • Discussion Topic

psychology

• The Roots of Political Ideology • September 03, 2013 • Discussion Topic

purpose

• Do Atheists Live "A Better Life"? • February 01, 2016 • Discussion Topic

race

• Special Guest: Damon Young! • March 21, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Race and Criminal Justice • March 17, 2015 • Discussion Topic

racism

• Affirmative Action • November 06, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Ari Berman – Give Us The Ballot! • March 03, 2017 • Speaker Event

rationality

• Rationality • February 17, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Hemant Mehta – Even Skeptics Can Be Fooled • October 07, 2014 • Speaker Event

reason

• State of the University • November 17, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• The long reach of Reason • April 22, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Is Faith in God Reasonable? • November 19, 2013 • Discussion Topic

reflection

• Reflection & Feedback • April 30, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Reflection & Feedback • December 04, 2017 • Discussion Topic

relativity

• Is morality objective? • April 03, 2017 • Discussion Topic

religion

• How should we define religion? • October 02, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Religious Naturalism • September 18, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Rise of the "Nones" • October 20, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• What is the meaning of Christmas? • November 25, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Sex Positivity and Religious Ethics • February 11, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Greta Christina – Sex Positivism • February 10, 2014 • Speaker Event
• Why Religion? • February 04, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Is Faith in God Reasonable? • November 19, 2013 • Discussion Topic
• What is it about fundamentalism and violence? • October 29, 2013 • Discussion Topic
• "Blurred Lines"? Religion, Humanism and Sexual Ethics • October 22, 2013 • Discussion Topic
• Should kids be taught religion? • September 24, 2013 • Discussion Topic

rights

• Ari Berman – Give Us The Ballot! • March 03, 2017 • Speaker Event
• Is free speech overrated? • October 27, 2016 • Discussion Topic

sagan

• Look again at that dot • February 08, 2014 • Discussion Topic

sagan fest

• Carl Sagan Fest, featuring Richard Dawkins • November 07, 2017 • Speaker Event
• Carl Sagan Fest, featuring Steven Pinker • November 02, 2016 • Speaker Event
• Carl Sagan Fest – Science vs. Pseudoscience • November 13, 2015 • Speaker Event
• Carl Sagan Fest – A Celebration of Science and Human Values • October 07, 2014 • Speaker Event
• Carl Sagan Fest – Carl Sagan and The Way of Science • November 12, 2013 • Speaker Event

science

• Science vs. Pseudoscience • November 17, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Dark Science: Ethics in Science • November 03, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Alice Dreger – Galileo's Middle Finger • October 21, 2015 • Speaker Event
• Sciences and Humanities • April 07, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Faith in a Scientific Worldview • March 24, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Daniel Fincke – Empowerment Ethics • November 17, 2014 • Speaker Event
• Scientific Spirituality? • November 11, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Science and Morality • September 09, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Jonathan Gottschall – The Science of Fiction • April 01, 2014 • Speaker Event
• Barrier to Science • February 18, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Julia Galef – How to Change Your Mind • October 07, 2013 • Speaker Event

sex

• Sex Positivity and Religious Ethics • February 11, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• Greta Christina – Sex Positivism • February 10, 2014 • Speaker Event

sexual harassment

• Sexual Harassment • October 21, 2014 • Discussion Topic

sexuality

• "Blurred Lines"? Religion, Humanism and Sexual Ethics • October 22, 2013 • Discussion Topic

skepticism

• Hemant Mehta – Even Skeptics Can Be Fooled • October 07, 2014 • Speaker Event

social media

• Ethics of social media • October 30, 2017 • Discussion Topic

society

• The #MeToo Movement • April 16, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Toxic Masculinity • April 10, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Goals of Parenting • February 12, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Addiction • February 05, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Social Anarchism • January 29, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• What is the purpose of laws? • January 22, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Universal Basic Income • November 20, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Affirmative Action • November 06, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Should YOU have kids? • March 27, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Social Justice • March 06, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• What is the Purpose of Education? • February 13, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Business as a Social Service • October 06, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• What do we owe future generations? • September 08, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Violence and Social Change • February 03, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Why Religion? • February 04, 2014 • Discussion Topic
• "Blurred Lines"? Religion, Humanism and Sexual Ethics • October 22, 2013 • Discussion Topic

speech

• Freedom of Speech • January 20, 2015 • Discussion Topic

spirituality

• Scientific Spirituality? • November 11, 2014 • Discussion Topic

stories

• Jonathan Gottschall – The Science of Fiction • April 01, 2014 • Speaker Event

suffering

• Assisted Suicide • October 16, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Ethics of Assisted Suicide • September 22, 2016 • Discussion Topic

suicide

• Assisted Suicide • October 16, 2017 • Discussion Topic
• Ethics of Assisted Suicide • September 22, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Jennifer Michael Hecht – Poetic Humanism • February 29, 2016 • Speaker Event
• Euthanasia • February 24, 2015 • Discussion Topic

surveillance

• Privacy and Surveillance • March 14, 2016 • Discussion Topic

technology

• Augmented Reality - with Pugwash • March 18, 2014 • Discussion Topic

transhumanism

• Transhumanism • September 29, 2015 • Discussion Topic

truth

• Truth vs. Falsehood • February 19, 2018 • Discussion Topic
• Lee McIntyre – Post-Truth • October 04, 2017 • Speaker Event

universal basic income

• Universal Basic Income • November 20, 2017 • Discussion Topic

utilitarianism

• Utilitarianism • November 27, 2017 • Discussion Topic

utopia

• What would your Utopia look like? • September 11, 2017 • Discussion Topic

values

• Western Centrism • November 10, 2015 • Discussion Topic

violence

• Violent fundamentalism • February 08, 2016 • Discussion Topic
• Violence and Social Change • February 03, 2015 • Discussion Topic

voting

• Ari Berman – Give Us The Ballot! • March 03, 2017 • Speaker Event

welfare

• Humanists eat... • February 25, 2014 • Discussion Topic

west

• Western Centrism • November 10, 2015 • Discussion Topic

women

• Autumn Whitefield-Madrano – I Am Beautiful • March 22, 2018 • Speaker Event
• Hiba Krisht – Veils, Virginity, and (In)visibility • October 05, 2016 • Speaker Event

work

• The Value/Meaning of Work • December 01, 2015 • Discussion Topic

worldview

• Faith in a Scientific Worldview • March 24, 2015 • Discussion Topic
• Aristotle and Sex • March 25, 2014 • Discussion Topic